net::ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED

Common Causes

1. 1Development server is not running
2. 2Wrong port number in the URL
3. 3Server crashed during the test
4. 4Firewall blocking the connection
5. 5Container or service not yet ready in CI/CD

How to Fix

// playwright.config.ts
export default defineConfig({
  webServer: {
    command: 'npm run dev',
    port: 3000,
    reuseExistingServer: !process.env.CI,
  },
});

// wait-for-server.sh
for i in $(seq 1 30); do
  curl -s http://localhost:3000/health && exit 0
  sleep 1
done
exit 1

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